A health certificate may be required for a residence permit valid over one year. Whether an overseas examination will be accepted or re-verified depends on the local authority.
Ethnicity alone does not determine the documents. Prior Chinese nationality, place of birth, name changes, old Chinese passports and a parent's status at a child's birth can change the evidence required.
Foreign nationals applying for a mainland China visa in the United States use the current COVA visa system; Chinese passport and travel-document services use separate consular channels.
Current U.S. consular guidance permits an applicant or agent to submit the passport after online review, while preserving the officer's authority to request an interview.
A non-U.S. citizen applying in the United States should document current lawful stay; an expiring or pending status may require additional explanation.